The NFL's modified sudden death overtime rules work much the same way in the Super Bowl as they do in the regular season.
The NFL playoffs used to have their own set of overtime rules that clashed with the regular season, but with the sweeping changes that came to the entire system in 2012, overtime works in much the same way in the postseason as it does in the regular season. Of course, the rules did change significantly just a few short years ago, so you may need a refresher.
NFL overtime is sort of a modified sudden death, in that the league made some changes to try and make it so both teams had an opportunity at winning the game, but ultimately only came half way with their concessions. The basic principle is that each team will get a chance to possess the ball, unless the first team manages to score a touchdown.
The big complaint used to be that a team could go down the field and kick a field goal, leaving the second team without an opportunity to win the game. The league fixed that slightly, making it so that a touchdown would be required to end the game on the opening drive. So if the first team kicks a field goal, the other team will receive a kickoff and have one shot to score.
If the second team doesn't score, the first team wins. If the score is tied after both teams have possessed the ball, it becomes a true sudden death. Any points scored would then end the game, including a field goal.
What differs between the playoffs and the regular season is simple: the game cannot end in a tie in the postseason, and that of course counts for the Super Bowl. The overtime period is a 15-minute frame in which both teams get three timeouts apiece. If the game is tied after that first frame, they'll play as many 15-minute periods as needed until one of them scores.
Of course, this information is useful to have, but it probably won't come up on Sunday. The overtime rules have been used in the playoffs plenty of times, but a Super Bowl has never extended beyond regulation in its history. There are those who think the current set of rules still are not totally fair given that the game can end without one team touching the ball, but it's not a huge issue because it simply hasn't cost a team a Super Bowl yet.
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